Complications of Short-sightedness & Long-sightedness

What is Short-sightedness?

Short-sightedness (myopia) is a common eye condition that causes distant objects to appear blurry and close objects can be seen clearly. Short-sightedness is growing among young Asian children. A survey of school children in Malaysia found the prevalence of myopia was 42% Chinese and 15% Malay.

Symptoms And Signs of Short-sightedness

Seeing objects clearly at close distance but blurred for object at far distance
School children cannot see clearly teacher’s writing on the blackboard / whiteboard
Watching TV at very close distance
Always rubbing the eyes
Watery eyes
Always squeezing eyes when seeing far distance objects
Reading a book at very short distance (less than 30 cm)
Frequent headaches

Complications

Untreated myopia will cause;

Amblyopia / lazy eye in children
Reduce school performance as the child cannot see clearly teacher’s writing in the classroom
Low self esteem
Jeopardized on own safety and people surround you. This could be serious especially you are driving or operating heavy equipment.
Squeezing eyes to see objects at distant can caused eyestrain and headache.
Affect quality of life in which you not able to perform certain task as you want and your blur vision may detract from your enjoyment of doing daily life activities.

What is Long-sightedness?

Presbyopia (long-sightedness) is the most common symptom of aging eyes, appearing around the age of 40. It is caused by prolonged oxidation of the lens which reduces lens flexibility, making it harder to focus on nearby objects. Most people around this age group started noticing that text appears blurry when viewed up close. This affects the ability to read books or view smartphones.

Symptoms And Signs of Long-sightedness

Difficult to focus on writing or small objects at close range
Eyestrain especially when reading for long periods
Need brighter lighting
Need to hold reading materials further away from the usual distance
Easily tired when doing close work
Headache
Double vision (diplopia)

Complications of Presbyopia

Our eyes need to accommodate properly in order for us to conduct near vision tasks. For example, reading, an important aspect of our everyday lives, is not entirely possible without an adequate accommodation response.

Whether it is reading or threading a needle, near vision tasks become harder when our eyes lose their youthful ability to readily accommodate from far to near vision.

This puts a strain on the eyes and this in turn causes fatigue and headaches. Furthermore, many persons note blurred vision and a worsening of symptoms when tired or in dim light.

These could all have a negative impact on the affected person’s life, especially if they have a job that requires constant near vision focusing (e.g. computer-related work).

Ability to Focus

When we are young, the lens in our eye is flexible and elastic, and can easily change its shape to focus on close and distant objects. The tiny ciliary muscles surrounding the lens contract or relax to adjust the thickness of the lens. With age, oxidative damage to the lens makes the lens stiffer and less flexible. At the same time, ciliary muscles weaken with age.

As a result, our lens can no longer change shape to focus on close images, and these images appear out of focus. More recently however, people in their 20s and 30s are reporting smartphone-induced premature presbyopia.

Reference:

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